Photo: AP Presiden Rusia
Vladimir Putin, kiri, berjabat tangan dengan ketua tentera Rusia itu Kakitangan
Am Valery Gerasimov, kanan, di sebuah lapangan terbang Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, di
Pulau Sakhalin pada Selasa Julai 16, 2013. Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur
jauh yang terlibat 160,000 tentera dan kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal _
persembahan secara besar-besaran tenaga pernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman
Soviet. (Photo: AP Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, shakes hands with
chief of Russia's military's General Staff Valery Gerasimov, right, at an
airport of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, on Sakhalin Island on Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The
maneuvers in Siberia and the far eastern region involved 160,000 troops and
about 5,000 tanks _ a massive show of force unprecedented since the Soviet
times).
People’s Voices - MOSCOW (AP) ‘Rusia Memegang Mainan Perangan
Terbesar Dalam Dekad’ Presiden Vladimir Putin pada Selasa menyaksikan gerakan
tentera terbesar Rusia sejak zaman Soviet, yang melibatkan 160,000 tentera dan
kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal di seluruh Siberia dan rantau timur jauh dalam
menunjukkan besar kekuatan ketenteraan kebangkitan negara.
Puluhan
kapal Armada Pasifik Rusia dan 130 pesawat tempur juga mengambil bahagian dalam
latihan tersebut, yang bermula pada hari Jumaat dan terus melalui minggu ini.
Putin menyaksikan beberapa latihan di Pulau Sakhalin di Pasifik, di mana
beribu-ribu tentera telah diangkut dan diterbangkan dari tanah besar.
Timbalan
Menteri Pertahanan Rusia Anatoly Antonov yakin tentera asing melekat pada Isnin
bahawa senaman itu adalah sebahagian daripada latihan tempur biasa dan tidak
ditujukan kepada mana-mana negara tertentu, walaupun beberapa penganalisis
percaya menunjukkan daya bertujuan China dan Jepun.
Konstantin
Sivkov, seorang pegawai bersara Staf Jeneral tentera Rusia, memberitahu
Nezavisimaya harian Gazeta bahawa sebahagian Sakhalin daripada gerakan itu
bertujuan untuk meniru tindak balas kepada serangan yang dibayangkan oleh Jepun
dan Amerika Syarikat.
Rusia
dan Jepun mempunyai pertikaian ke atas sekumpulan pulau-pulau Pasifik, yang
menyeru Rusia dan Jepun Kurils panggilan Wilayah Utara. Pulau di hujung timur
laut Pulau Hokkaido Jepun telah dirampas oleh tentera Soviet pada hari-hari
penutupan Perang DUNIA II. Mereka dikelilingi oleh kawasan menangkap ikan yang
kaya dan dipercayai mempunyai rizab gas asli dan minyak luar pesisir dan sumber
mineral yang lain.
Antonov
berkata bahawa Rusia telah memberi amaran kepada negara-negara jiran dalam
latihan sebelum ia bermula, dan menyediakan maklumat terperinci terutamanya ke
China selaras dengan perjanjian yang membayangkan pertukaran bersama data
mengenai aktiviti ketenteraan di sepanjang sempadan 4,300 kilometer (2,700
batu).
2 musuh
perang era Dingin telah dipalsukan apa yang mereka digambarkan sebagai
"perkongsian strategik" selepas tahun 1991 kejatuhan Soviet,
membangunkan hubungan rapat politik, ekonomi dan ketenteraan dalam aspirasi
yang dikongsi bersama untuk melawan kuasa Amerika Syarikat di seluruh DUNIA.
Rusia
telah membekalkan senjata canggih ke China, dan jiran-jiran telah menjalankan
latihan ketenteraan bersama, yang paling baru-baru ini satu latihan tentera
laut di Laut Jepun awal bulan ini. Tetapi walaupun hubungan ekonomi rapat dan
kerjasama ketenteraan, ramai di Rusia berasa semakin tidak selesa kira-kira
kekuatan yang semakin meningkat jiran timur gergasi.
Beberapa
bimbang bahawa penurunan penduduk Rusia yang berterusan dan kelemahan relatif
kuasa konvensional berbanding dengan Tentera Pembebasan Rakyat China satu hari
boleh menggoda China untuk merebut wilayah tertentu.
Rusia
dan China mempunyai pertikaian wilayah selama berabad-abad. Hubungan antara
Komunis China dan Kesatuan Soviet pecah pada tahun 1960, dan kedua-dua gergasi
berjuang konflik sempadan ringkas pada tahun 1969. Moscow dan Beijing
menandatangani perjanjian sempadan baru pada tahun 2004, yang menyaksikan Rusia
berhasil kawalan ke atas beberapa pulau-pulau di Sungai Amur itu. Beberapa di
Rusia yang jarang penduduk timur jauh takut bahawa konsesi boleh mengusik
selera China.
Alexander
Khramchikhin, seorang penganalisis bebas ketenteraan yang berpusat di Moscow,
berkata bahawa latihan besar-besaran yang diadakan di kawasan-kawasan di
sepanjang sempadan dengan China jelas bertujuan Beijing. "Ia adalah jelas
bahawa sebahagian darat menjalankan ditujukan di China, manakala laut dan pulau
itu sebahagian daripada ia bertujuan Jepun," katanya.
Khramchikhin,
yang baru-baru ini mencatatkan artikel lukisan gambaran suram Rusia yang cepat
dihantar dalam serangan mengejut Cina, berkata bahawa permainan perang
bertujuan untuk menghalang China dari melindungi plot peluasan.
"China
kini boleh berfikir bahawa Rusia telah akhirnya menjadi lebih sedar tentang apa
yang boleh berlaku," katanya sambil menyifatkan latihan sebagai isyarat yg
menenangkan. Gerakan adalah sebahagian daripada usaha-usaha baru-baru ini untuk
meningkatkan pergerakan tentera dan kesediaan pertempuran selepas tahun
penurunan pasca-Soviet, tetapi mereka telah jauh melebihi latihan sebelumnya di
kedua-dua jumlah dan skop wilayah.
Sebagai
sebahagian daripada mainan perang diadakan di beberapa zon masa, beberapa unit
tentera dikerahkan ke kawasan beribu-ribu kilometer dari pangkalan mereka.
Pasukan payung diterbangkan seluruh Rusia dalam pesawat pengangkutan jarak
jauh, dan beberapa unit telah diangkut untuk Sakhalin di bawah pengiring kapal
tentera laut dan jet pejuang.
Satu
dekad krisis ekonomi pasca-Soviet telah teruk melumpuhkan keupayaan ketenteraan
Rusia, asas jet dan meninggalkan kapal tentera laut berkarat di pelabuhan
kerana kekurangan dana untuk menjalankan latihan. Rasuah besar-besaran dan
ganas membuli askar muda oleh tentera yang lebih tua telah terhakis semangat
dan digalakkan meluas draf-mengelak.
Kelemahan
tentera sekali-bangga telah ditunjukkan dalam 2 peperangan pemisah di Chechnya
apabila tentera Rusia mengalami kerugian besar di tangan pemberontak bersenjata
ringan. Tentera Rusia menang cepat dalam perang dengan tentera kecil Georgia
pada Ogos 2008, tetapi konflik 5 hari juga mendedahkan bahawa tentera mempunyai
masalah dengan cepat menggerakkan tenteranya ke kawasan itu. Kekurangan senjata
ketepatan dan komunikasi moden juga jelas.
Kremlin
bertindak balas dengan melancarkan reformasi tentera bertujuan untuk menjadikan
tentera kembung berkuat kuasa yang lebih moden dan tangkas. Kerajaan juga telah
melancarkan satu senjata bercita-cita tinggi program pemodenan yang
membayangkan perbelanjaan lebih 20 trilion Rubles (US$ 615 billion lebih) pada
senjata baru melalui 2020.
Sesetengah
penganalisis amaran tentera, bagaimanapun, bahawa usaha persenjataan kembali
itu buruk dirancang dan mungkin tidak mencukupi untuk membalikkan penurunan
tentera. "Program ini adalah jelas tidak mencukupi," kata
Khramchikhin.
Photo: AP Tentera Laut
kapal-kapal Russian Pasifik yang belayar berhampiran Pulau Sakhalin semasa
latihan tentera pada Selasa 16 Julai, 2013. Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur
jauh yang terlibat 160,000 tentera dan kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal -
pertunjukan enaga besar-besaran tpernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet.
(Photo: AP Russian Pacific Navy ships sail near the Sakhalin Island during
military exercises on Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The maneuvers in Siberia and the
far eastern region involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000 tanks - a massive
show of force unprecedented since the Soviet times).
Photo: AP Presiden Rusia
Vladimir Putin memerhati latihan ketenteraan daripada sebuah helikopter
berhampiran Pulau Sakhalin pada Selasa, 16 julai, 2013. Gerakan di Siberia dan
rantau timur jauh yang terlibat 160,000 tentera dan kira-kira 5,000 kereta
kebal - pertunjukan besar-besaran tenaga pernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman
Soviet. (Photo: AP Russian President Vladimir Putin observes military exercises
from a helicopter near the Sakhalin Island on Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The
maneuvers in Siberia and the far eastern region involved 160,000 troops and
about 5,000 tanks - a massive show of force unprecedented since the Soviet
times).
Photo: AP Presiden Rusia
Vladimir Putin, pusat, dan Menteri Pertahanan Sergei Shoigu, kiri, mendengar
kepada tentera Rusia Kakitangan Am Valery Gerasimov semasa latihan ketenteraan
berhampiran Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, di Pulau Sakhalin pada Selasa 16 Julai, 2013.
Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur jauh yang terlibat 160,000 tentera dan
kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal _ persembahan secara besar-besaran tenaga pernah
berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet (Photo: AP Russian President Vladimir
Putin, center, and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, left, listen to Russia's
military's General Staff Valery Gerasimov during military exercise near
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, on Sakhalin Island on Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The maneuvers
in Siberia and the far eastern region involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000
tanks _ a massive show of force unprecedented since the Soviet times).
Photo: AP Tentera Laut Russian
Pasifik kapal dilihat dari tingkap helikopter berhampiran Pulau Sakhalin semasa
latihan tentera pada selasa 16 Julai, 2013 sebagai Presiden Rusia Vladimir
Putin melihat peta. Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur jauh yang terlibat
160,000 tentera dan kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal - pertunjukan besar-besaran
tenaga pernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet (Photo: AP Russian Pacific
Navy ships seen in a helicopter windows near the Sakhalin Island during
military exercises on Tuesday, July 16, 2013 as Russian President Vladimir
Putin looks at a map. The maneuvers in Siberia and the far eastern region
involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000 tanks - a massive show of force
unprecedented since the Soviet times).
Photo: AP Tentera Laut Russian
Pasifik kapal-kapal belayar berhampiran Pulau Sakhalin semasa latihan tentera
pada Selasa 16 Julai, 2013. Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur jauh yang
terlibat 160,000 tentera dan kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal - pertunjukan
besar-besaran tenaga pernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet (Photo: AP Russian
Pacific Navy ships sail near the Sakhalin Island during military exercises on
Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The maneuvers in Siberia and the far eastern region
involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000 tanks - a massive show of force
unprecedented since the Soviet times).
Photo: AP helikopter Tentera
Rusia nyala api ke atas Pulau Sakhalin semasa latihan tentera pada Selasa 16
julai, 2013. Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur jauh yang terlibat 160,000
tentera dan kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal _ persembahan secara besar-besaran
tenaga pernah berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet (Photo: AP Russian Army
helicopters fire flares over Sakhalin Island during military exercises on
Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The maneuvers in Siberia and the far eastern region
involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000 tanks _ a massive show of force
unprecedented since the Soviet times).
Photo: AP Presiden Rusia
Vladimir Putin menggunakan binokular kerana dia menyaksikan latihan ketenteraan
berhampiran Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, di Pulau Sakhalin pada Selasa, 16 Julai, 2013.
Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur jauh yang terlibat 160,000 tentera dan
kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal - pertunjukan besar-besaran tenaga pernah berlaku
sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet. Menteri Pertahanan Sergei Shoigu duduk di kiri (Photo: AP Russian President Vladimir Putin
uses binocular as he watches military exercise near Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, on
Sakhalin Island on Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The maneuvers in Siberia and the far
eastern region involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000 tanks - a massive show
of force unprecedented since the Soviet times. Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu
sits at left).
Photo: AP Tank Tentera Russian
bergerak di Pulau Sakhalin semasa latihan tentera pada selasa, 16 Julai, 2013.
Gerakan di Siberia dan rantau timur jauh yang terlibat 160,000 tentera dan
kira-kira 5,000 kereta kebal _ persembahan secara besar-besaran tenaga pernah
berlaku sebelum ini sejak zaman Soviet (Photo:
AP Russian Army tanks move at the Sakhalin Island during military exercises on
Tuesday, July 16, 2013. The maneuvers in Siberia and the far eastern region
involved 160,000 troops and about 5,000 tanks _ a massive show of force unprecedented
since the Soviet times).
Russia Holds Biggest War Games in Decades
People’s Voices - MOSCOW (AP) President Vladimir Putin on Tuesday watched Russia's biggest
military maneuvers since Soviet times, involving 160,000 troops and about 5,000
tanks across Siberia and the far eastern region in a massive show of the
nation's resurgent military might.
Dozens
of Russia's Pacific Fleet ships and 130 combat aircraft also took part in the
exercise, which began on Friday and continue through this week. Putin watched
some of the drills on Sakhalin Island in the Pacific, where thousands of troops
were ferried and airlifted from the mainland.
Russia's
Deputy Defense Minister Anatoly Antonov assured foreign military attaches on
Monday that the exercise was part of regular combat training and wasn't
directed against any particular nation, though some analysts believe the show
of force was aimed at China and Japan.
Konstantin
Sivkov, a retired officer of the Russian military's General Staff, told the
daily Nezavisimaya Gazeta that the Sakhalin part of the maneuvers was intended
to simulate a response to a hypothetical attack by Japanese and U.S. forces.
Russia
and Japan have a dispute over a group of Pacific islands, which Russia calls
the Kurils and Japan calls the Northern Territories. The islands off the
northeastern tip of Japan's Hokkaido Island were seized by Soviet troops in the
closing days of World War II. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and
are believed to have offshore oil and natural gas reserves and other mineral
resources.
Antonov
said that Russia had warned its neighbors about the exercise before it started,
and provided particularly detailed information to China in line with an
agreement that envisages a mutual exchange of data about military activities
along the 4,300-kilometer (2,700-mile) border.
The two
Cold war-era rivals have forged what they described as a "strategic
partnership" after the 1991 Soviet collapse, developing close political,
economic and military ties in a shared aspiration to counter U.S. power around
the WORLD.
Russia
has supplied sophisticated weapons to China, and the neighbors have conducted
joint military drills, most recently a naval exercise in the Sea of Japan
earlier this month. But despite close economic ties and military cooperation,
many in Russia have felt increasingly uneasy about the growing might of its
giant eastern neighbor.
Some
fear that Russia's continuing population decline and a relative weakness of its
conventional forces compared to the Chinese People's Liberation Army could one
day tempt China to grab some territory.
Russia
and China had territorial disputes for centuries. Relations between Communist
China and the Soviet Union ruptured in the 1960s, and the two giants fought a
brief border conflict in 1969. Moscow and Beijing signed a new border treaty in
2004, which saw Russia yielding control over several islands in the Amur River.
Some in Russia's sparsely populated far east feared that the concessions could
tease China's appetite.
Alexander
Khramchikhin, an independent Moscow-based military analyst, said that the
massive exercise held in the areas along the border with China was clearly
aimed at Beijing. "It's quite obvious that the land part of the exercise
is directed at China, while the sea and island part of it is aimed at
Japan," he said.
Khramchikhin,
who recently posted an article painting a grim picture of Russia being quickly
routed in a surprise Chinese attack, said that the war games were intended to
discourage China from harboring expansionist plots.
"China
may now think that Russia has finally become more aware of what could
happen," he said, describing the exercise as a sobering signal. The
maneuvers are part of recent efforts to boost the military's mobility and
combat readiness after years of post-Soviet decline, but they have far exceeded
previous drills in both numbers and territorial scope.
As part
of the war games held across several time zones, some army units deployed to
areas thousands of kilometers away from their bases. Paratroopers were flown
across Russia in long-range transport planes, and some units were ferried to
Sakhalin under escort of navy ships and fighter jets.
A
decade of post-Soviet economic meltdown has badly crippled Russia's military
capability, grounding jets and leaving navy ships rusting in harbors for lack
of funds to conduct training. Massive corruption and vicious bullying of young
conscripts by older soldiers have eroded morale and encouraged widespread
draft-dodging.
The
weakness of the once-proud military was shown in two separatist wars in
Chechnya when Russian troops suffered heavy losses at the hands of lightly
armed rebels. The Russian military won a quick victory in a war with Georgia's
small military in August 2008, but the five-day conflict also revealed that the
military had trouble quickly deploying its forces to the area. The shortage of
precision weapons and modern communications were also apparent.
The
Kremlin responded by launching a military reform intended to turn the bloated
military into a more modern and agile force. The government also has unveiled
an ambitious arms modernization program that envisages spending over 20
trillion rubles (over $615 billion) on new weapons through 2020.
Some military analysts cautioned, however, that the
rearmament effort was badly planned and might not be sufficient to reverse the
military's decline. "This program is clearly insufficient,"
Khramchikhin said.